A soap opera or soaper is an ongoing and periodic work of fiction presented in serial formats on television, radio and in novels, featuring the life of many characters and focusing on the emotional connection. to the point of melodrama. The term sinetron comes from a radio drama sponsored by a soap manufacturer.
In the United Kingdom, BBC Radio began broadcasting The Archers in May 1950. It continues today and is the world's oldest radio soap opera. The world's longest television drama, first broadcasted on ITV in the UK in December 1960, is Coronation Street .
Video Soap opera
Asal genre
The first series to be considered a "soap opera" was Painted Dreams , which debuted on October 20, 1930 on the Chicago WGN radio station. Early radio series such as Painted Dreams are broadcast in daytime work day slots, usually five days a week, when most of the listeners are housewives; thus, the show is aimed and consumed by a female-dominated audience. The first national radio broadcasting broadcasts are Clara, Lu, and Em , which aired on the NBC Blue Network at 10:30. Eastern Time on January 27, 1931.
Maps Soap opera
Story and episode structure
One of the decisive features that makes soap opera television programs, according to Albert Moran, is "a form of television that works with open narratives constantly." While the Spanish telenovela is sometimes called "soap opera," telenovela has a conflict that gets resolved and the ending definitely after (more or less) a year of daily viewing every day, but with soap operas every episode ends with a promise that the storyline will continue in another episode. " In 2012, Los Angeles Times columnist Robert Lloyd wrote the daily drama, "Despite the melodramatic show, soap operas like these also have the luxury of space that makes them look more naturalistic: indeed, the economy of the long-demand form of the scene, and the conversation that a 22-episode per-season weekly series may throw in half a dozen lines of dialogue can be pulled out, like here, for the page.You spend more time even with minor characters; criminals obviously grow less evil evil. "
The opera story soap operates simultaneously, intersecting and leading to further developments. Individual episodes of a soap opera will typically switch between several different concurrent narrative sequences that sometimes interconnect and affect each other or can run entirely independently of each other. Each episode can display some of the current storyline of the event, but not always all. Especially in the afternoon series and which is broadcasted every weekday, there are several rotations of the storyline and actors so that any storyline or actor given will appear in some episodes but usually not all week. Sinetrons rarely bring all the current storylines to conclusions at the same time. When one story line ends, there are several other story lines at different stages of development. The soap opera episode usually ends in a sort of cliffhanger, and the end of the season (if the soap combines inter-season breaks) ends in the same way, only to be resolved when the event returns to start a new yearly broadcast.
The night soap operas and those airing at the level of one episode per week are more likely to feature all players in each episode, and to represent all the current storylines in each episode. Soap operas and serials of sinetrons that run for only part of the year tend to bring things to the end of a dramatic cliffhanger season.
In 1976, Time magazine described America's daytime television as the "richest TV market", noting the loyalty of the sinetron fan base and the expansion of some half-hour series into an hour-long broadcast to maximize advertising revenue. The article explained that at the time, many prime time series were losing money, while the daytime series earned several times more profit than their production costs. The cover of this edition mainly features first day soap stars, Bill Hayes and Susan Seaforth Hayes from Days of Our Lives, a married couple whose movie and real life romance is widely covered by both soap operas and mainstream press in general.
Plot and storyline
The main characteristics that define soap operas are "an emphasis on family life, personal relationships, sexual drama, emotional and moral conflicts, some coverage of topical issues, arranged in a familiar domestic interior with only occasional visits to new locations". In accordance with these characteristics, most sinetrons follow the lives of a group of characters who live or work in a certain place, or focus on large families. The storyline follows the daily activities and personal relationships of these characters. "The soap narrative, like a melodrama movie, is marked by what Steve Neale has described as 'accidental, accidental, missed encounter, sudden conversion, last-minute rescue and revelation, end deus ex machina.'" this element can be found throughout the soap opera, from EastEnders to Dallas . Due to the superiority of English-language television, most soap operas are really English (or in the case of foreign soap operas, dubbed into English). However, some soap operas in South Africa began to incorporate multilingual formats, the most prominent being the 7de Laan, which combines Afrikaans, English, Zulu and several other Bantu languages ​​which form 11 Official South African Languages ​​(subtitles always in the UK).
In many soap operas, especially the daytime series in the US, the characters are often interesting, seductive, glamorous, and rich. British soap operas and Australians tend to focus on more characters and everyday situations, and are often organized in a working class environment. Many soaps produced in both countries explore social realist storylines such as family strife, marriage resolution or financial problems. Both British and Australian soap operas feature comedic elements, often like comic stereotypes such as gossip or angry parents, presented as comic papers for the emotional turmoil that enveloped them. This is different from US soap operas where such comedies are rare. British soap operas often make claims to present "reality" or claim to have a "realistic" style. British soap operas also often put their geographical location as the key decisive feature of the show while depicting and exploiting the exotic charm of the stereotypes connected to the scene. For example, EastEnders focuses on a hard and gloomy life in the east end of London; Coronation Street and its characters show the stereotypical characteristics of "north straight talk".
Romantic, secret relationships, affairs, and true hatred have become the basis for many sinetron storylines. In the US daytime series, the most popular sinetron characters, and the most popular storylines, often involve the kind of romance presented in novel romance novels. Soap opera stories sometimes create complicated, intricate and sometimes confusing stories of personality, meet strange, mysterious strangers, and who commit adultery, all of which makes the audience fixate on the ongoing story. Crimes such as kidnapping, rape, and even murder can be left unpunished if the offender has to be detained in an ongoing story.
Australian and British soap operas also feature significant romance proportions. In Russia, most of the popular series explores the "romantic quality" of criminal life and/or oligarchy.
In the soap opera story line, previously unknown children, siblings and twin brothers (including evil varieties) of established characters often appear to anger and revive the set of relationships examined by the series. An unexpected disaster interferes with marriage, childbirth, and other major life events with unusual frequencies.
As in comic books - another popular form of linear storytelling pioneered in the US during the 20th century - character death is not guaranteed to be permanent. On Taylor Forrester (Taylor Forrester), Taylor Forrester (Hunter Tylo) is shown to the flat line and has a funeral. When Tylo inspired the character in 2005, a retcon explained that Taylor was really in a coma.
Complex actions and physical actions are largely absent, especially from the afternoon series. Events of such stories often occur outside the screen and are referred to the dialog instead of displayed. This is because action or action scenes are difficult to visualize without complex action, multiple retrieval, and post-production editing. When the episode is broadcast live, post production is not possible. Although all the series have long been shifted to taped, extensive post-production jobs and some withdrawal, while possible, are not feasible due to tight tap schedules and low budgets.
United States
Daytime series on television
The first daytime TV soap opera in the United States was It's My Kids in 1949, although the previous melodrama has been aired in the evenings as a once-a-week program. Soap operas quickly became American daytime television sets in the early 1950s, followed by game shows, reruns of sitcoms, and talk shows.
In 1988, H. Wesley Kenney, who at that time served as executive producer of the General Hospital, told The New York Times :
I think people love stories that continue so they can connect with these people. They become like family, and the audience becomes emotionally involved. There seem to be two attitudes by the viewer. One, that the story is similar to what happens to them in real life, or two, thank goodness it's not me.
Many long-established US soap operas set a special environment for their stories. The Doctors and General Hospital , initially, tell stories almost exclusively from within the boundaries of the hospital. When the World Changed is heavily handled by the law practice of Chris Hughes and the flurry of his wife Nancy who, tired of being a "faithful housewife" in the 1970s, became one of the first women in America's older series to enter the world of work. Guiding Light deals with Bert Bauer (Charita Bauer) and her alcoholic husband, Bill, and their endless marital problems. When Bert's status turns to a caring mother and capital, the marriage issues of her children are on display. Search for Tomorrow mostly tells the story through the eyes of Joanne Gardner (Mary Stuart). Even when the story revolves around other characters, Joanne is often a key player in their story line. Days of Our Lives initially focuses on Dr. Tom Horton and his stout wife, Alice. The event then branched out to focus more on their five children. The Edge of Night is featured as the main character Mike Karr, a police detective (then a lawyer), and most deals with organized crime. The Young and the Restless first focused on two families, a prosperous Brooks family with four daughters, and working class A host family from a single mother working with three children. The plot of the story explores realistic issues including cancer, mental illness, poverty and infidelity.
By contrast, Dark Shadows (1966-1971) and Port Charles (1997-2003) featured supernatural characters and dealt with fantasy and horror storylines. Their characters include vampires, witches, ghosts, goblins, and angels.
The American soap opera Guiding Light (originally titled The Guiding Light until 1975) began as a radio drama in January 1937 and then moved to television at June 1952. With the exception of several years in the late 1940s, where the creator Irna Phillips was involved in a dispute with Procter & amp; Gamble, Guiding Light was heard or seen almost every working day from 1937 to 2009, making it the longest story ever told in broadcast media.
Initially the series is broadcast as fifteen minutes each day in daytime slots. In 1956, When The World Changed and The Edge of Night , both were produced by Procter & amp; Gamble Productions, debuted as the first half hour television on CBS television. All the soap operas broadcast a half hour episode in the late 1960s. With the increasing popularity in the 1970s, most of the soap operas have expanded to an hour long by the end of this decade ( Other World even expanded to 90 minutes for a short time). More than half of the series has expanded into an hour of episodes in 1980. In 2012, three of the four US series airs one hour of episode every weekday; just The Bold and the Beautiful which airs the 30 minute episode.
The soap operas were originally broadcast live from the studio, creating what many at the time were regarded as a feeling similar to a stage game. Since almost all sinetrons originated at that time in New York City, a number of soap actors also reached stage actors performing live theater at the break of their soap roles. In the 1960s and 1970s, new series like General Hospital , Our Day of Life and The Young and the Restless produced in Los Angeles. Their success made the West Coast a viable alternative to New York's soap production opera, which became more expensive to do. In the early 1970s, almost all soap operas had been diverted for recording. When The World Changed and Night Edge was the last to switch, in 1975.
Port Charles uses the 13-week "storyline" practice practice, in which the main events of the bow are played and closed for 13 weeks, although some plotlines continue for more than one arc. According to the 2006 Preview edition of Soap Opera Digest , it was briefly discussed that all ABC performances may have telenovela arc, but this is rejected.
Although US daytime soap operas are not generally broadcasted by their networks, they are sometimes re-aired elsewhere; CBS and ABC have made an exception for this, airing older episodes (either airing at the start of the current season or being aired years before) on major holidays when special event programs are not scheduled. The original episode of Dark Shadows was shown again on PBS member stations in the early 1970s after the event cancellation, and the entire series (except for one missing episode) was relaunched on the Sci-Fi Channel in the 1990s. After the 1984 cancellation, reruns of the last five years of the show were performed late at night on the USA Network from 1985 to 1989. On January 20, 2000, the digital cable and a dedicated satellite network for the genre, SOAPnet, began broadcasting the soap initially aired on ABC, NBC and CBS.
Newer broadcast networks since the late 1980s, such as Fox and cable television networks, have largely alienated from soap operas in their daytime schedules, instead of running syndication and reruns programs. No cable television outlet produces its own daylight series, although the 101 DirecTV Network takes over the existing series, resumes production for one season; while TBS and CBN Cable Network broadcast their own soap operas, The Catlins (primetime soaps that use the daily episode format of daytime companions) and Other Life (soap combining drama standard series with religious tone), during the 1980s. Fox, the fourth "main network", brought a short afternoon soap to the tribe in 1990. But in addition to this and some pilot efforts, Fox mainly stayed away from soap during the day, and has not tried it yet. since major network status upgrades in 1994 (it later tried a series of daily prime time soaps, which aired on the newly created MyNetworkTV sister network, but most of its experiments failed).
Because of the mass of episodes produced for the series, the release of soap operas to DVDs (a popular spot for the distribution of current and vintage television series) is considered impractical. With occasional special exceptions, daytime soap operas are notorious for their absence from DVD release schedules (exceptions as supernatural soap operas, Dark Shadows , which do receive basically complete releases on VHS and DVDs; lost episode # 1219 reconstructed using off-the-air audio recordings, still images, and recaps material from adjacent episodes).
Actor
- See List of longest serving sinetron actors
Due to the longevity of these events, it is not uncommon for one character to be played by many actors. The key character of Mike Karr at The Edge of Night is played by three different actors.
In contrast, some actors still play the same character for years, or even decades. Helen Wagner plays the matrix of Hughes family Nancy Hughes on the soap of America When the World Turns from its debut April 2, 1956 through her death in May 2010. She is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as an actor with a performance the shortest unbroken in one role. A number of players play a role for twenty years or more, sometimes in more than one show. Rachel Ames played Audrey Hardy in both Portport Hospital and Port Charles from 1964 to 2007, and back in 2009. Susan Lucci plays Erica Kane on All My Children from its debut show in January 1970 to the end of the television network run on ABC on September 23, 2011. Erika Slezak played Victoria Lord # 3 on One Life to Live from 1971 until the show ended television network running on ABC on January 13, 2012 and continue its role in online revival briefly on April 29, 2013.
Other actors have played several characters in different events. Millette Alexander, Bernard Barrow, Doris Belack, David Canary, Judith Chapman, Jordan Charney, Joan Copeland, Nicolas Coster, Jacqueline Courtney, Louis Edmonds, Dan Hamilton, Don Hastings, Vincent Irizarry, Lenore Kasdorf, Teri Keane, Lois Kibbee, John Loprieno , Maeve McGuire, James Mitchell, Christopher Pennock, Gary Pillar, Antony Ponzini, William Prince, Louise Shaffer, and Diana van der Vlis, among many others, all played multiple soap roles.
Daylight evolutions
For decades, most daytime sinetrons concentrated on family split and marriage, legal drama and romance. The action rarely leaves the interior setting, and many performances are set in midwestern, medium fictional cities.
Exterior photos are slowly incorporated into the The Edge of Night and Dark Shadows series. Unlike many of the previous series made in fictional cities, The Best of Everything and Ryan's Hope was founded in a real-world location, New York City.
The shooting of the first exotic location was created by All My Children , to St. Croix in 1978. Many other soap operas plan a fancy storyline after the success of shooting All My Children . Sinetron Other World and Light Guide both went to St. Croix in 1980, the previous show culminated with the long-running storyline between popular Macs, Rachel and Janice, and lastly to serve as an exotic setting for Alan Spaulding and Rita Bauer's hot affairs. Search for Tomorrow was recorded for two weeks in Hong Kong in 1981. Later that year, several cast and crew traveled to Jamaica to record the love story line between the characters of Garth and Kathy.
During the 1980s, perhaps in reaction to the high-ranking night drama series, the daytime series began to incorporate action and adventure storylines, greater business intrigue, and increased emphasis on young romance.
One of the first and most popular couples was Luke Spencer and Laura Webber at General Hospital . Luke and Laura help attract male and female fans. Even actress Elizabeth Taylor is a fan and at her own request is given a guest role in the episodes of Luke and Laura's marriage. The popularity of Luke and Laura led to other soap manufacturers trying to reproduce this success by trying to create their own supercouples.
With an increasingly bizarre action storyline becoming fashionable, Luke and Laura save the world from freezing, bringing the mafia down by finding its black book on the Left Hand Statue, and helping a Princess find her Aztec Treasure in Mexico. Other soap operas try a similar adventure storyline, often featuring a snapshot of the image on the spot - often in exotic locations.
During the 1990s, mobs, action, and adventure stories were disliked by the producers, due to the generally declining ratings for daytime soap operas at the time, and the resulting budget cuts. In addition, soap operas can no longer go to expensive locations abroad as they could in the 1980s. Over the decade, the soap opera has focused more on younger characters and social problems, such as Erica Kane's drug addiction on All My Children , the reappearance of Viki Lord's multiple personality disorder in One Life to Live >, and Stuart Chandler is dealing with his wife, Cindy who is dying of AIDS at All My Children . Other social problems include cancer, rape, abortion, homophobia, and racism.
Several performances during the 2000s incorporated elements of supernatural fiction and science into their storyline. One of the main characters in the previous soap opera Dark Shadows is Barnabas Collins, a vampire, and One Life to Live featuring an angel named Virgil. Both shows feature characters who travel to and from the past.
Traditional grammar from daylight series
Modern English soap operas during the day mostly in accordance with the original soap opera format. The duration and format of the story line and the visual grammar used by the US daytime series distinguish them from soap operas in other countries and from night soap operas. Opera sinetron, England, and Australia, which are usually produced for the early night time slot, fall somewhere between the US soap and evening soap operas. Similar to daytime soap operas in the US, UK and Australian series are recorded on videotapes, and the cast and plot are played throughout the week's episode so each player member will appear in several episodes but not all episodes. British and Australian soap operas move through the storyline at a faster pace than the daytime series, making them closer to the US night soap operas in this regard.
The soap opera rating has dropped significantly in the US since the 2000s. There was no first major daytime soap opera that had been made since Passion in 1999, while many had been canceled. Since January 2012, four daytime soap operas - General Hospital , Our Life Days , Young and Restless and Bold and The Beautiful - continued to air on three major networks, down from a total of 12 during the 1990-91 season and 19th highest in the 1969-70 season. This marks the first time since 1953 that there are only four soap operas broadcast on broadcast television. The Young and the Restless , the highest soap opera from 1988 to the present, has less than 5 million daily viewers as of February 2012, an amount surpassed by some unwritten programs like Judy Judy . The circulation of sinetron magazines has declined and some have even ceased publication. SOAPnet, which broadcasts most of the soap operas, began to be removed in 2012 and completely stopped operating the following year. The Daytime Emmy Awards, which honor soap operas and other daytime shows, moved from primetime network television to smaller cable channels in 2012, then failed to get TV broadcasts at all in 2014, 2016, and 2017.
Some of the most established soap in the US ended between 2009 and 2012. The longest drama in television and radio history, Guiding Light, nearly reached 2.1 million daily viewers in 2009 and ended on September 18th. that year, after a 72-year run. When The World Appears Like the World Turns out is the last of 20 soap operas produced by Procter & amp; Gamble, the soap company and consumer goods from which the genre got its name. When the World Changed and Light Guides are also among the last of the soaps coming from New York City. All My Children , another New York-based soap, shifts its production to Los Angeles in an effort to reduce costs and raise a sagging ranking; However, both it and One Life to Live, each with a four-decade-plus run, was canceled in 2011. All My Children aired the end of its network in September 2011 with < i> One Life to Live follows as of January 2012. Both My Kids and One Life to Live are briefly restarted online in 2013, before being canceled again in the same year. Cause
As women progressively work outdoors, watching daytime television declines. The new generation of potential audiences is not raised by watching sinetrons with their mothers, leaving behind a long, complex storyline that is unfamiliar to younger audiences. Now, as the ages of viewers grow, ratings continue to decline among younger adult women, the demographic groups most interested by soap operas. Those who may be watching at work are not counted, because Nielsen does not track television shows outside the home. The emergence of cable and internet has also provided new entertainment sources during the day. The genre decline has also been attributed to reality television replacing the soap opera as the dominant form of TV melodrama. The initial term for the reality TV genre is docu-soap . A forerunner of reality TV, the murder case of O. J. Simpson, aired in 1994-95, both preceded and competed with the whole season of soap, changing the viewing habits and abandoning soap operas with 10 percent fewer viewers after the trial ended.
Daytime programming alternatives such as talk shows, game shows, and court performances cost up to 50% less to produce from written dramas, making the format more profitable and appealing to networks, even if they receive the same or slightly lower rank than soap operas. A network might even prefer to return the timeslot to its local station to store soap operas with a disappointing rating in the air, as is the case with Sunset Beach and Port Charles . The incorporation of financial pressures on script programming in the 2007-2010 period was a decrease in advertising during the Great Recession, which led to gigs to reduce their budget and size. In addition to these external factors, a number of production decisions have been cited by soap opera fans as contributing to the decline of the genre, such as the cliché plot, the lack of diversity that narrows the attractiveness of the audience, and the removal of the nuclear family.
Serial primetime
The series produced for primetime slots has also found success. The first primetime soap opera was Faraway Hill (1946), which aired on October 2, 1946, on the now defunct DuMont Television Network. Faraway Hill ran for 12 episodes and broadcast live, interspersed with short pre-recorded video clips and still photos to remind viewers of previous week's episodes.
The first long-running prime time soap opera was Peyton Place (1964-1969) at ABC. It was based in part on the 1957 eponymous film (which, in turn, was based on the 1956 novel).
The popularity of Peyton Place prompted CBS's network to play the popular Lisa Miller character to his own night soap opera, our Personal World < > (originally titled "The Woman Lisa" in the planning stage). Our Private World was broadcast from May to September 1965. Lisa's character (and portrayer Eileen Fulton) returned to When the World Changed after the series ended.
The Peyton Place structure, with episodic plots and a long storyline, set the mold for the 1980s primetime series when the format peaked.
Serial primetime successes of the 1980s included Dallas , Dynasty , Knots Landing and Falcon Crest . These events often deal with wealthy families, and their personal businesses and big businesses. Common characteristics are the luxurious sets and costumes, complex storylines that examine business schemes and intrigues, and spectacular cliff disaster situations. Each of these series features rich, domineering, arbitrary, and passionate antagonists as key characters in the storyline - respectively, J. R. Ewing, Alexis Colby, Abby Cunningham and Angela Channing. These evil criminals are so popular that the audience "likes to hate".
Unlike daytime series, which are recorded on video in the studio using a multi-camera setting, the night series is recorded in movies using a single camera setting, and displays great location-shot footage, often in beautiful locations. Dallas , Knot Landing spin-offs, and Falcon Crest all originally featured episodes with complete stories and special guest stars that appeared only that episode. Each story is completely completed at the end of the episode, and there are no end-of-cliffhangers episodes. After the first few seasons, the three events changed the format of their story into a pure soap opera, with an ongoing continuous narrative that lasted for several episodes. Dynasty displays this format during the process.
The open plot structures of soap operas and complex continuity were increasingly incorporated into American primetime television programs during that period. The first major drama series to do is Hill Street Blues . The series, produced by Steven Bochco, features many elements borrowed from soap operas, such as ensemble players, multi-episode storylines, and extensive character development during the series. This and later Cagney & amp; Lacey coats the police series formula with an ongoing narrative exploring personal life and regular character interpersonal relationships. The success of this series encourages other drama series, such as St. Elsewhere and the sitcom series, to combine story and storytelling to different levels.
Soap opera primetime and drama series of the 1990s, such as Beverly Hills, 90210 , Melrose Place , Party Five , OC , and Dawson's Creek , focusing more on the younger characters. In the 2000s, ABC began to revitalize the primetime soap opera format with performances like Desperate Housewives, Gray Anatomy, Brothers & amp; Sister , Ugly Betty , Personal Training and later Revenge , Nashville , < i> Scandal , Mistresses , and earlier Ringer , whose brother's production company, ABC Studios, was co-produced with CBS Television Studios for The CW. Although not soap in the traditional sense, the show managed to attract a wide audience with their high drama mixed with humor, and sinetron by definition. This success led to the launch of the NBC series, including Heroes and Friday Night Lights . MyNetworkTV, a sister network of Fox, launched a series of telenovela primetime (genre similar to soap operas in terms of content) at its launch in September 2006, but did not continue using the format in 2007, after a disappointing rating.
On June 13, 2012, Dallas , a continuation of the original 1978 series that aired on cable network, TNT. The revived series, which were canceled after three seasons in 2014, gave a strong ranking for the channel, only losing viewers after the most famous star, Larry Hagman, died in the middle of the series. In 2012, Nick at Nite debuted a primetime soap opera, Hollywood Heights , which broadcasts episodes five nights a week (on Mondays to Fridays) in a manner similar to a daytime soap opera, Episode episodes a week common from other primetime soaps. The series, which is an adaptation of Mexican telenovela Alcanzar una estrella, suffers from low ratings (generally receives less than a million viewers) and is then transferred to twin cable channel TeenNick on the way to burning. of the remaining episodes.
In 2015, Fox debuted Empire , a primetime music series centered on a power struggle between family members in a titular recording company. Created by Lee Daniels and Danny Strong and led by Academy Award nominations Terrence Howard and Taraji P. Henson, the drama aired to high rankings. The show was heavily influenced by other works such as William Shakespeare King Lear , James Goldman The Lion in Winter and soap opera of the 1980s Dynasty . Also in 2015, E! introduced the The Royals , a series that follows the life and drama of a fictional British Kingdom family, also inspired by Dynasty (even featuring Joan Collins as Queen Mother). In addition, ABC debuted the soap opera primetime Blood & amp; Oil , following a young couple looking to make money from the modern Williston oil boom, premiered on September 27, 2015 during the 2015-16 TV season.
Telenovelas
Telenovela, the shorter format of the melodrama series, shared some thematic and in particular stylistic similarities with soap operas, it is sufficient that the colloquial language Spanish soap opera has appeared to describe the format. The main difference between the two is the length of the series; while soap operas usually have unlimited time, telenovelas usually have a central story arc with the final set within a year or two of the event's launch, requiring more compact storytelling.
Spanish-language networks, notably Univision and Telemundo, have found successful telenovela broadcasting for the growing US Hispanic market. Both original dramas produced and imported in Latin America are a popular feature of daytime lineups and primetime networks, sometimes beating English-language networks in the rankings.
Online series
Some web series are sinetron, such as Degrassi: In Session or Venice: The Series . In 2013, the production company, Prospect Park, revived All My Kids and One Life to Live for the web, retains original creator Agnes Nixon as consultant and keeps many of the same actors ( Prospect Park purchased the rights to both series months after the cancellation by ABC in 2011, although initially postponed plans to re-launch the soap in the same year due to problems receiving approval from unions and production). Each show initially produced four episodes half an hour a week, but quickly cut back to two half-hour episodes each. In the middle (though not directly related) to the lawsuit between Prospect Park and ABC, the experiment ended in the same year, with both events canceled again.
United Kingdom
- See List of longest serving sinetron actors
Soap operas in the UK began on the radio and consequently linked to the BBC. It rejected soap as opposed to the quality of the picture, but began broadcasting the Front Line Family in April 1941 on North American shortwave services to encourage American intervention in the name of Britain in World War II. The BBC continues to broadcast the world's oldest radio soap, The Archers , first aired in May 1950, and has been running nationwide since 1951. It is currently broadcast on BBC Radio 4 and continues to attract more than five million listeners, or about 25% of the radio listener population in the UK at that time of night.
In the UK, soap operas are one of the most popular genres, with most being broadcast during prime time. Most British soap operas focus on the working-class communities, which are influenced by kitchen sink drama conventions. The most popular British television programs are EastEnders , Coronation Street , Emmerdale , Hollyoaks , Doctor i>, and Australia produces Neighbors and Home and Distant . The first three are consistently among the highest rated shows on British television. That's how big the popularity of the soap genre in the UK is that all the television series in the country are supposedly enjoyed by members of the Royal Family of England, including Elizabeth II himself. Major events in British culture are often mentioned in the storyline, such as Britain's participation in the World Cup, and the death of Princess Diana.
The 1986 Christmas Episode of EastEnders is often referred to as the highest-rated UK soap opera episode, with 30.15 million viewers (over half the population at the time). The 30.15 million figure is actually a combination of the original broadcast, which has over 19 million viewers, and a Sunday omnibus edition with 10 million viewers. The combined 30.15 million viewers made the 1986 Christmas Day episode of EastEnders the highest-profile single channel in British television history. Overall ranked third behind the 1966 FIFA World Cup Finalists (32.3 million viewers) and Princess Diana's funeral in 1997 (32.1 million viewers) transmitted on both BBC One and ITV.
Television
The initial television series was The BBF's The Grove Family , which produced 148 episodes from 1954 to 1957. The program was broadcast live and only a handful of records were stored in the archives. The first two-week series in the UK was the ITV Emergency Room - Ward 10, running from 1957 to 1967.
In the 1960s Coronation Street revolutionized British television and quickly became a British institution. On September 17, 2010, he became the world's oldest television soap opera and listed on Guinness World Records. The BBC also produces several series: Compact is about the staff of a women's magazine; The Newcomers is about the upheaval caused by large companies that set up factories in small towns; Unite! contains 147 episodes and focuses on the football team; 199 Park Lane (1965) is an upscale series, which lasts only 18 episodes. None of these series are approaching to make the same impact as Coronation Street . Indeed, most of the BBC series of the 1960s were largely removed.
During the 1960s, the main rival was Crossroads , a daily series that began in 1964 and aired on ITV in the afternoon. Crossroads was set up in a motel in Birmingham and, although the program was popular, its low technical standards and poor acting were a lot of fun. In the 1980s, the ratings began to decline. Several attempts to change the program through cast changes and, later, expanding the focus from the motel to the surrounding community were unsuccessful. Crossroads was canceled in 1988 (new version Crossroads then produced, running from 2001 to 2003).
The next rival for Coronation Street is ITV Emmerdale Farm (later renamed Emmerdale ), which started in 1972 in daytime slots and is set in countryside Yorkshire. Audience improvements resulted in Emmerdale being moved to prime-time slots in the 1980s.
Pobol y Cwm ( People from the Valley ) is a Welsh language series that has been produced by the BBC since October 1974, and is the oldest television soap opera produced by broadcasters. Pobol y Cwm originally broadcast on BBC Wales television from 1974 to 1982; then moved to the Welsh S4C-language television station when it opened in November 1982. The program was sometimes shown on BBC1 in London during the regional optout period in the mid to late 1970s. Pobol y Cwm was briefly displayed throughout the UK in 1994 on BBC2, with English subtitles; is consistently the most watched program each week on S4C.
The 1980s
The daytime sinetrons did not exist until the 1970s because there was hardly any daytime television in the UK. ITV introduced the General Hospital , which then moved into prime time slot. In 1980, Scottish Television debuted Take the High Road , which lasted for over twenty years. Later, the daytime slot was filled with the entry of Australian soap operas such as The Sullivan (premiered in ITV from 1977), The Young Doctors (from 1982), Sons and Daughters (from 1983), A Country Practice (from 1982), Richmond Hill (from 1988 to 1989) and finally, Neighbors was acquired by the BBC in 1986, and Home and Away aired on ITV starting in 1989. It achieved a significant degree of popularity; Neighbors and Home and Distant were transferred to early-afternoon slots, helping to start the British soap opera boom in the late 1980s.
On the first day of Channel 4 beginning operations in 1982, they launched their own soap, Liverpool-based Brookside , which will redefine soap over the next decade. The focus of Brookside is different from previous soap operas in the UK; it's set in a new middle-class cul-de-sac, unlike Coronation Street and Emmerdale Farm , which is established in an established working class community. The characters in Brookside are generally people who have advanced from municipal councils within the city, or the upper middle class who have fallen on hard times. Although Brookside is still broadcast in pre-DAS slots (at 8:00 pm and 8:30 pm on weekdays, around 5:00 pm for omnibus on Saturday), it's more liberal than any other soap at the time: dialogue including oaths cuss on a regular basis. This comes from the overall liberal channel policy during that period. The soap is also highly politicized. Bobby Grant (Ricky Tomlinson), an anti-hero of militant union, is the most open political figure. The storyline is often more sensational than in other soaps (throughout the history of soap, there are two armed siege on the road) and staged with more violence (especially rape) that is often displayed.
In 1985, EastEnders of the BBC debuted and became almost instantaneous with viewers and critics, with the first episode attracting more than 17 million viewers. The 1986 Christmas Episode is watched by 30.15 million viewers and contains scenes where divorce papers are presented to Angie Watts (Anita Dobson) by her husband, Queen Vic landlord Den (Leslie Grantham). Criticism speaks of the fall of Coronation Street, but continues to succeed. For the better part of ten years, EastEnders has shared the number one position with Coronation Street .
A remarkable success in pioneering midnight broadcasting, in October 1984, Yorkshire Television began airing the Australian cult soap opera Prisoner, originally from 1979 to 1986. It was finally broadcast in all parts of England in different slots , usually around 23:00 (but never before 22:30 in any region), under the title Prisoner: Cell Block H . It was probably most popular in the Midlands where Central Television consistently broadcasted the series three times a week from 1987 to 1991. Its broadcast in England wobbled, different regions of the country saw it at different speeds. The program is very successful, regularly reaching 10 million viewers when ratings of all regions per episode are added together. The center is bent for fan pressure to repeat the soap, where the first 95 episodes air. Later, rival station Channel 5 also gained the right to repeat all program replays, starting in 1997. All 692 episodes have been released on DVD in the UK.
The 1990s
In 1992, the BBC made Eldorado to take turns every day with EastEnders . The program was heavily criticized and lasted only one year. Nevertheless, the soap opera became famous on the British television schedule. In 1995, Channel 4 premiered Hollyoaks , a soap with a youth focus. When Channel 5 was launched in March 1997, it debuted a soap opera Family Affairs , which is formatted as daily soap every day, aired Monday through Friday.
Brookside 'premises flourished during the 1990s, gradually erasing politicized stories in the 1980s and shifting emphasis to controversial and sensational stories such as child rape, siblings, religious cults and drug addiction, including the well-known 'under-porch' groove that ran from 1993 to 1995, and provided the highest-rated series with 9 million viewers.
Coronation Street and Brookside started releasing features directly to the video. The Coronation Street release generally maintains the speed and style of conventional program episodes with actions set in unfamiliar locations. The Brookside release is set in the usual location, but displaying stories with adult content is not allowed on pre-DAS television, with this release being certified '18'.
Emmerdale Farm was renamed Emmerdale in 1989. The series was changed in 1993 with many changes being executed through the fall of a passenger jet that destroyed parts of the village and killed several characters. This invites criticism for being broadcast near the fifth anniversary of the Lockerbie bombing. The storyline makes soap the highest ever audience of 18 million viewers. The reshuffle was successful and Emmerdale became more popular.
Throughout the 1990s, Brookside , Coronation Street , EastEnders and Emmerdale continued to grow. Each increases the number of episodes aired each week by at least one, further defining soap operas as the leading genre on British television.
2000s
Since 2000, new soap operas continue to be developed. The daytime drama Doctor started in March 2000, ahead of Neighbors on BBC One. In 2002, as the ranking for the Scottish High Road series (formerly Take The High Road ) continues to decline, BBC Scotland launches River City , which is proven popular and effective substitute for High Road when it was canceled in 2003. The longtime series Brookside ended in November 2003 after 21 years in the air, leaving Hollyoaks as a series Channel 4 flagship.
The new version of Crossroads featured the most recently produced by Carlton Television for ITV in 2001. Not reaching a high rank and canceled in 2003. In 2001, ITV also launched a new night series titled Night and Day . The program also attracted a low audience and, after being transferred to a late-night time slot, was canceled in 2003. Family Affairs , broadcasted before the racial Hollyoaks , never ranked significant highlights leading to some dramatic changes in appearance and marked changes in style and even location during the run. In 2004, Family Affairs had a larger fan base and won its first award, but was canceled at the end of 2005.
In 2008, the premiere ITV The Royal Today , the spin-off of the popular 1960s drama The Royal , which has been running in primetime slots since 2002. Just a few days later , the parody operatic soap program Echo Beach aired along with her sister show, Comedy Moving Wallpaper . Both Echo Beach and The Royal Today ended just after a series due to low ratings. Sinetron Radio Silver Street made its debut on BBC Asia Network in 2004. The bad ratings and criticism of the program led to the cancellation in 2010.
Format
British soap operas over the years usually only aired two nights a week. The exceptions are the original Intersection , which started as a daily soap opera in 1960, but then the number of weekly broadcasts was reduced. Things began to change in 1989 when Coronation Street began running three times a week. In 1996, it expanded again, to broadcast four episodes a week. Brookside aired in 1982 with two episodes a week. In 1990, it expanded into three episodes a week; This trend was followed by EastEnders in 1994 and Emmerdale in 1997, In 2000, soap went five episodes a week. Family Affairs debuted as a weekly soap every day in 1997, generating five episodes a week for the rest of it. The Neighbor screen is imported as five new episodes of the week, which are displayed once at 1:45. and repeated at 5:30 am. on Channel 5 every business day.
Currently, Coronation Street (which aired two episodes on Monday night in 2002) and Hollyoaks both produced five episodes a week while EastEnders generated four every week. In 2002, Brookside grew from three episodes of half an hour on a different night to show an episode of 90 minutes each week. In 2004, Emmerdale began broadcasting six episodes a week. Doctor airs five episodes a week, and is the only one without omnibus weekend re-screening. It was announced in June 2016 that starting late 2017, Coronation Street will air six episodes a week.
Due to the January 2008 improvements to the ITV network, the Sunday episodes of Coronation Street and Emmerdale were removed from their slots. Coronation Street added a second episode on Friday night at 8:30 am. Emmerdale ' s Tuesday edition extended to an hour, placing it in direct competition with EastEnders rivals.
In July 2009, the schedule of the series was changed again. On July 23, 2009, Coronation Street moved from Wednesday's 49-year slot, until Thursday night. Emmerdale returned to run only one 30-minute episode on Tuesday night and another 30-minute installment was moved to Thursday night. Coronation Street has since returned to Wednesday's slot. It now airs Monday, Wednesday, and Friday at 19:30 and 20:30. Emmerdale airs at 19:00 every business day, and 8pm on Thursday.
British soap operas are recorded in video cassettes in the studio using multi-camera settings. Since the 1980s, these programs have routinely featured scenes taken outdoors in every episode. These recordings are recorded in videotapes on a specially created outdoor set that represents a soap focused community. During their early years, Coronation Street and Emmerdale used a 16 mm film while the scene was shot on location. Then soap operas such as Hollyoaks and Family Affairs began filming high-definition video, a more modern filming process, compared to standard video recording, which featured better quality and looked more like a movie rather than video recording.
British soap operas do not include a recap sequence at the beginning of each episode, which would be appropriate for the fact that when the episode ends, it picks up the story during the following episode. However, in 2012, Hollyoaks starts displaying a recap sequence at the beginning of each episode. With the exception of Hollyoaks , soap operas in the UK are also incidental music deficiencies, although EastEnders will occasionally feature music that plays the final scene if it's dramatic, with an alternative EastEnders theme known as "Julia theme".
Australia
- See List of longest serving sinetron actors
Australia has quite a number of well-known soap operas, some of whom have gained cult in Britain, New Zealand, and other countries. The majority of Australian television soap operas are produced for the evening or evening hours. They usually produce two or two and a half hours of new material each week, whether organized as four or five episodes a half hour a week, or as two episodes one hour. In style, this series is very similar to British soap operas as it is almost always recorded on videotapes, mainly recorded in the studio and using multi-camera settings. The original Australian series was shot completely in the studio. During the 1970s, filmed inserts were sometimes used to combine the order of shots outdoors. Outdoor shootings then became commonplace and started in the late 1970s, this became standard practice for several trailers at the scene to be featured in every episode of Australian soap operas, often to harness the appeal and exotic nature of the locations this is for international audiences. Most Australian soap operas focus on a mixed age range of middle-class characters and will regularly feature locations where different characters can meet and interact, such as cafà ©, surf clubs, wine bars or schools.
Initial series
The genre started in Australia on radio, as in the United States and Britain. One of the radio series, Big Sister, features actress Thelma Scott as a nationally performed actor for five years beginning in 1942. Perhaps Australia's most famous radio series is a long-running soap opera Blue Hills , created by Gwen Meredith and ran from 1949 to 1976. With the advent of Australian television in 1956, the daylight television series followed. The first Australian television soap opera was the Autumn Affair (1958) featuring the radio personality and the stars of Blue Hills Queenie Ashton who made the transition to television. Each episode of the series runs for 15 minutes and airs every weekday on Seven Network. Autumn Affair failed to get a sponsor and ended in 1959 after 156 episodes. Followed by The Story of Peter Gray (1961), the seven-day network series of other Networks aired in daytime slots in 15-minute installments. The Story of Peter Gray ran for 164 episodes.
The first wave of successful Australian soap television opera began in 1967 with Bellbird, produced by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. This rural-based series is played in the afternoon slot in 15-minute installments as an evening news introduction. Bellbird is a moderate success but builds a consistent and loyal audience base, especially in rural areas, and enjoys ten years running. Motel (1968) is the first half hour soap opera in Australia; day soap has short-term 132 episodes.
The 1970s
The first major soap opera in Australia was the # 96 sex melodrama , the night series produced by Kas Harmon Television for Network Ten, which debuted in March 1972. The program addresses topics such as homosexuality, adultery, drug use, marital rape and racism, rarely explored on previous Australian television programs. The series became famous for sex and nudity and for comedy characters, many of whom became cult heroes in Australia. By 1973, Number 96 had become the highest rated event in Australia. In 1974, the sexed-up antics of Number 96 encouraged the creation of The Box , which rivaled in nudity and sexual situations and was scheduled in the night slot. Produced by Crawford Productions, many critics regard the Box as a more slick and better written show than Number 96 . The Box is also displayed on the Top Ten Networks, programmed to run right after Number 96 . For 1974 Number 96 was again the highest rating show on Australian television, and that year The Box took second place.
Also in 1974, Reg Grundy Organization created its first soap opera, and significantly the first soap opera teenager in Australia, Class of '74 . With an attempt to hint at sex and sin shown more openly at Number 96 and The Box , the setting of early high school and early evening time Class '74 comes under the watchful eye of the Broadcasting Control Board, which checks scripts and changes the entire storyline.
In 1975, both Number 96 and The Box , probably in reaction to the downgrades for both events, did not emphasize the gender and nudity that shifted more toward the comedy plot. Class of '74 has been renamed Class 75 and also added more slapstick comedy for the second year, but the revamped event rankings decreased, resulting in a cancellation in mid-1975. That year, the newly launched Cash Harmon soap The Unisexers failed in the early night slot and was canceled after three weeks; the second soap Reg Grundy Organization Till Tomorrow ran in the nozzle slot for 180 episodes.
Bellbird's flagship movie version Country Town was produced in 1971 by two performance stars, Gary Gray and Terry McDermott, without production involvement by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Number 96 and The Box also released feature film versions, both of which have the same title as the series, released in 1974 and 1975 respectively. When Australian television broadcasted in black and white until 1975, this theatrical broadcast had a novelty of color. Movie versions Number 96 and Themes also allow for more explicit nudity than can be displayed on television at that time.
In November 1976 The Young Doctors debuted on Nine Network. This Grundy Organization Series distances itself from the adult drama Number 96 and The Box , focusing more on the drama of romance and romance. It became a popular success but received several critical awards. A week later The Sullivan , a carefully crafted period series that recorded the effects of World War II on the Melbourne family, also debuted on the Nine. Produced by Crawford Productions, The Sullivan became a successful ranking, attracted many positive reviews, and won television awards. During this period Number 96 reintroduced nudity into its episodes, with some widely publicized frontal bare scenes, player changes, and a new range of surprise storylines designed to improve the downgrade of events. Bellbird changes its broadcast pattern with a filtering episode in 60 minutes, and then within 30 minutes of installments.
Bellbird , Number 96 and The Box , which has been downgraded, was canceled in 1977. Various attempts to change individual events with cast reshuffles or spectacularly squeezed
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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