Incorrect memory syndrome ( FMS ) describes the conditions in which a person's identity and relationships are affected by memories that are factually incorrect but they strongly believe. Peter J. Freyd derives the term, the False Memory Foundation Syndrome (FMSF) later popularized. This term is not recognized as a psychiatric illness in any of the medical manuals, such as ICD-10 or DSM-5; However, the principle that memory can be changed by outside influences is highly accepted by scientists.
False memories may be the result of a restored memory therapy, a term also defined by the FMSF in the early 1990s, which illustrates the various therapeutic methods that tend to create conjugation. Some influential figures in the origins of the theory are forensic psychologist Ralph Underwager, psychologist Elizabeth Loftus, and sociologist Richard Ofshe.
Video False memory syndrome
Definisi
Fake Memory Syndrome is a condition in which a person's identity and interpersonal relationships center on the memory of a traumatic experience that is objectively wrong but that the person strongly believes to happen.
The controversial FMS concept, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders do not include it. Paul R. McHugh, a member of FMSF, stated that the term was not adopted into the fourth version of the manual because the committee concerned was being led by the believer in restoring memory.
Maps False memory syndrome
Restore memory therapy
The restored memory therapy is used to describe the therapeutic processes and methods that are believed to create false memories and false memory syndromes. These methods include hypnosis, sedative and probing questions where the therapist believes that distressed memories of traumatic events are the cause of their client's problems. This term is not listed in DSM-IV or used by any formal modalities of psychotherapy formalities.
Consolidating memory becomes an essential element of fake memory and restoring the memory syndrome. Once stored in the hippocampus, memory can last for years or even a lifetime, no matter that memorized events never really occur. Obsessions to certain false memories, embedded memory, or indoctrinated memories can shape a person's actions or even result in a delusional disorder.
The main psychiatrist and psychological professional associations now adhere to strong skepticism for the idea of ​​trauma recovery. They argue that self-help books, and the recovery of memory therapists can influence adults to develop fake memory. According to this theory, psychologists and psychiatrists may have inadvertently instilled this false memory. The American Psychiatric Association and the American Medical Association condemn such practices, whether they are officially called "Restored Memory Therapy" or just a collection of techniques that fit the description. In 1998, the Royal College of Psychiatrists Working Group on Reported Recovered Memories of Sexual Abuse wrote:
There is no evidence for the oppression and recovery of verifiable and highly traumatic events, and their role in the formation of symptoms has not been proven. There is also a striking absence in the literature on well-reinforced cases of such repressed memories that are recovered through psychotherapy. Given the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse, even if only a small part is repressed and only a few of them are recovered, there must be a large number of corroborated cases. There really is not one.
Such techniques have been used in the past can not be denied. Their ongoing use is the cause of malpractice litigation worldwide. An Australian psychologist is not listed for engaging in it.
Evidence for fake memory
Human memory is created and very predictable, and can create innocuous, shameful, and frightening memories through different techniques - including guided imagery, hypnosis, and suggestions by others. Although not all individuals exposed to these techniques develop memories, experiments show large numbers of people, and will actively sustain the existence of events, even if told they are false and deliberately implanted. The question of the possibility of fake memories creates an explosion of interest in the appeal of human memory and results in a remarkable increase in knowledge of how memories are encoded, stored and remembered, resulting in pioneering experiments as lost in mall techniques. In the Roediger and McDermott (1995) experiments, subjects were presented with a list of related items (such as candy, sugar, honey) to study. When asked to remember the list, participants are equal, if not more, perhaps remembering semantic words that are related (like sweet) rather than actually learned items, thus creating fake memories. This experiment, although widely replicated, remains controversial because of the debate given that people can store semantically related items from the list of words conceptually rather than as language, which can explain errors in the contemplation of words without the creation of memories- fake memory. Susan Clancy found that people who claimed to be alien abductees were more likely to recall semantically related words than control groups in such experiments.
The missing technique in the mall is a research method designed to embed false lost memory in a shopping center as a child to test whether discussing fake events can generate "memory" of an event that did not happen. In his initial research, Elizabeth Loftus found that 25% of the subjects came to develop "memory" for events that never really happened. The extensions and variations of missing techniques in the mall found that on average one-third of experimental subjects can be convinced that they experience things in childhood that never really happen - even a very traumatic, and unlikely event.
Experimental researchers have shown that memory cells in the mouse hippocampus can be modified to artificially create artificial memories.
Court case
Sexual harassment case
Questions about the accuracy and reliability of suppressed memories that one might then remember have contributed to several investigations and court cases, including cases of alleged sexual abuse or child sexual abuse (CSA). while others have been considered confabulations or "false memories" that are not legally acceptable. Elizabeth Loftus's research has been used against the restored memory claims in court and has resulted in stringent requirements for the use of recovered memory used in trials, as well as greater requirements for corroboration. In addition, some US states no longer allow prosecution based on the testimonies of recoverable memory. Insurance companies are becoming reluctant to insure therapists against malpractice attire related to memory recovery.
Supporters of recovered memories believe that there is "tremendous evidence that the mind is capable of suppressing traumatic memories of child sexual abuse." Whitfield stated that the defense of "fake memory" "seems sophisticated, but mostly made up and often erroneous." He stated that this defense had been created by "persecutors of children who were accused, convicted and confessed to themselves and their advocates" to try to "abolish their cruel criminal behavior." Brown states that when false memory expert witnesses and lawyers state there is no causal relationship between CSA and adult psychopathology, that CSA does not cause specific trauma-related problems such as borderline and dissociative identity disorder, that other variables other than CSA can explain the variance of adult psychopathology and that effect long-term CSAs are not specific and general, that this testimony is inaccurate and potentially misleading the jury.
Malpractice case
During the late 1990s, there were several lawsuits in the United States where psychiatrists and psychologists were successfully prosecuted, or resolved out of court, on charges of spreading iatrogenic memories of childhood sexual abuse, incest, and demonic ritual torture.
Some of these clothes are carried by people who later claim that their memories of incest or satanic torture rituals have been wrong. The False Memory Syndrome Foundation uses the term
See also
Footnote
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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