Throughout its history chiropractic has been the subject of internal and external controversy and criticism . According to the magnetic shaman Daniel D. Palmer, founder of chiropractic, "vertebral subluxation" is the sole cause of all disease and manipulation is the cure for all human diseases. A 2003 professional survey found "most chiropractors (whether 'straights' or 'mixers') still have Intelligence Innate views and the causes and cures of illness (not just back pain) consistent with those of Palmers." A critical evaluation says "Chiropractic is rooted in a mystical concept, causing internal conflict in the chiropractic profession, which continues today." Chiropractors, including D.D. Palmer, jailed for practicing medicine without a license. DD. Palmer considers establishing chiropractic as a religion to solve this problem. For the most part, chiropractic has struggled with mainstream medicine, underpinned by antifientific and pseudoscientific ideas such as subluxation.
Chiropractic researchers have documented that fraud, abuse and shamanism are more common in chiropractic than in other health care professions. Unfounded claims about chiropractic efficacy continue to be undertaken by individual chiropractors and chiropractic associations. The core concept of traditional chiropractic, vertebral subluxation, is not based on sound science. Collectively, a systematic review has not shown that spinal manipulation, the main treatment method used by chiropractors, is effective for any medical condition, with the possible exception of treatment for back pain. Although rare, spinal manipulation, especially the upper spine, can also lead to complications that can cause permanent disability or death; this can occur in adults and children.
In 2008, Simon Singh was sued for defamation by the British Chiropractic Association (BCA) for criticizing their activities in the column at The Guardian. The preliminary hearing took place at the Royal Courts of Justice before Judge David Eady. The judge believes that simply using the phrase "happily promoting false care" means that it states, in fact, that the British Chiropractic Association is consciously dishonest in promoting chiropractic to treat the disease of children in question. An editorial in Nature has suggested that BCA might try to suppress the debate and that the use of the defamation laws of Britain is a burden on the right to freedom of expression, protected by the European Convention on Human Rights. The case of defamation ended with BCA revoking its lawsuit in 2010.
Chiropractors have historically been strongly opposed to vaccinations based on their belief that all diseases can be traced to a cause in the spine, and therefore can not be affected by the vaccine. Some chiropractors continue to oppose vaccinations. Initial resistance to water fluoridation includes chiropractors in the United States. Some chiropractors oppose fluoridation of water as incompatible with chiropractic philosophy and violation of personal freedom. Recently, other chiropractors have been actively promoting fluoridation, and some chiropractic organizations have endorsed the scientific principles of public health.
Video Chiropractic controversy and criticism
Historical controversy and important elements
The birth of chiropractic took place on September 18, 1895. There was controversy over what happened with several different accounts. Daniel D. Palmer later claimed that on that day he manipulated the spine of Harvey Lillard, a man who was almost deaf, suspected of healing him deaf. Palmer says "there is nothing coincidental about this, because it is done with objects in view, and the expected results are obtained." There is nothing 'rough' about this adjustment; it is so specific that no chiropractor has equaled it. i>
However, this version is disputed by Lillard's daughter Valdeenia Lillard Simons. He says that his father told him that he told a joke to a friend in the hall outside Palmer's office and Palmer, who had read, joined them. When Lillard hit the blow line, Palmer, laughing out loud, slapped Lillard on the back with his hand on the heavy book he was reading. A few days later, Lillard told Palmer that his hearing looked better. Palmer then decided to explore manipulation as an extension of his magnetic healing exercises. Simons says, "The bottom line is that if they can make [something], then they will both share, but that does not happen."
Despite the fact that Lillard could be heard well enough to tell jokes, B.J. Palmer confesses under sworn testimony that Lillard has been "completely deaf". Since 1895, Palmer's story of healing a deaf man has become part of the chiropractic tradition. The Palmer account differs significantly from what actually happens, in that case, according to Lillard's daughter, her improved hearing is most likely caused by the unintentional shock of Lillard's body and not, as claimed by D.D. Palmer, caused by a "custom" adjustment. It was after this incident that Palmer began experimenting with manipulation. He also claimed that the second patient, a man with heart disease, was also cured with spinal manipulation.
Chiropractic incorporates vitalistic ideas of innate Intelligence with the religious attributes of Universal Intelligence as a substitute for science. Evidence shows that D.D. Palmer has gained knowledge of manipulative techniques from Andrew Taylor Still, the founder of osteopathy. Although D.D. Palmer combines bonesetting to provide a chiropractic method, and "magnetic healing" to the theory; he recognizes a special relationship to magnetic healing when he writes, "chiropractic has not evolved from a drug or any other method, except a magnet." He also "claimed that his profession had nothing to do with drugs, that he was healed by the laying on of hands;... He also said that he had a diploma from no earthly school but from Heaven."
According to D.D. Palmer, subluxation is the only cause of all disease and manipulation is a cure for all human diseases. A 2003 professional survey found "most chiropractors (whether" straight "or" mixer ") still have a congenital view and the cause and cure of disease (not just back pain) consistent with Palmers people.On the one hand a modern promotional brochure makes an offer for medical legitimacy by describing inborn and adjustments using more scientific terms that sound like "sticky" and "nerve force."
Chiropractic has a strong element of salesmanship since it was started by D.D. Palmer. His son, B.J. Palmer, confirmed that their chiropractic school was founded on "... a business, not a professional base.We produce chiropractors, we teach them ideas and then we show them how to sell them." DD. Palmer established a magnetic healing facility in Davenport, Iowa, setting himself up as a 'doctor'. Not everyone is convinced, as a local newspaper in 1894 wrote of him:
- "A crank in the magnet has a crazy idea that he can heal the sick and paralyzed with his magnetic hand.The victim is a weak-minded, stupid and superstitious person, stupid people who have been sick for years and have bored with ordinary physicians and wanting health by the shortcut method... he would have benefited by the ignorance of his victims... Improvement in his business shows what can be done in Davenport, even by shamans. "
Before adopting the term "chiropractic" in about 1896, his ad used the term "magnet". In 1891-92, a business directory of the city states: "Dr. Palmer can heal with his Magnetic Hand Disease on the Head, Throat, Heart, Lung, Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Kidney, Nerves and Muscles, ten times faster than one can with drugs. "
- "Give me a simple thought that thinks along a tract, give me 30 days to teach it, and that individual can go to the highway and go and get more sick people than the best, most complete, all over world, unlimited medical education of every medical man who ever lived. "
Chiropractic is rooted in a mystical concept, leading to an internal conflict between the straights and the surviving mixer. It has two main groups: "straight", now a minority, emphasizing vitalism, innate intelligence and spinal adjustment, and considering subluxation to be the main cause of all illnesses; "mixers" are more open to mainstream and alternative medical techniques like sports, massage, nutritional supplements, and acupuncture. The straight line is religiously attached to the gospel of its founder while the mixer is more open. There is a lack of uniformity and consensus among chiropractors related to their role. Depending on who point of view, chiropractors are, for example, corrective subluxation, primary care physician, neuromusculoskeletal specialist, or holistic health specialist. Straights have claimed the mixer is not a true chiropractor because they do not recognize the basis of Palmer's chiropractic therapy.
In 1906, D.D. Palmer was the first of hundreds of chiropractors to go to jail. Chiropractors were jailed for practicing medicine without a license. In 1920 hundreds of unlicensed chiropractors chose prisons rather than fines. Herbert Reaver is the most imprisoned chiropractor in the US Chiropractors accused of not obeying medical practice. The California chiropractors adopted the motto, "Go to jail for chiropractic." 450 chiropractors were jailed within a year at the height of the controversy. Many chiropractors take care of their fellow prisoners and visit patients while in prison.
DD. Palmer defines chiropractic as "the science of healing without drugs" and considers establishing chiropractic as a religion as a means of using religious "exclusion clauses" to resolve legal difficulties presented by a restrictive "law of chiro". In 1911, he stated:
- "You ask, what I think will be the final result of our law That is that we must build a boat similar to Christian Science and raise the flag of religion I have received chiropractic from another world, just as which Mrs. Eddy has done.No one claims that, NOT BJ .
- "The freedom clause is not the law of Chiro by all means, and LET USE BEING THE RIGHT TO PROVIDE OUR RELIGIOUS PRACTICES." But we must have the head of religion, the person who is the founder, just as Christ, Mohamed, Jo Smith, Mrs. Eddy, Martin Luther and others who have founded religion, I am the head of a fountain, I am the founder of chiropractic in science, in art, in philosophy and in its religious phase, if the chiorpractors want to claim me as their head , their leader, the way it is clear, my writings are gradually moving in that direction until now, it's time to assume that we have the same rights as Christian scientists. "dd>
Chiropractors have struggled with survival and identity during their formative years, including internal struggles between leaders and colleges. For much of chiropractic history the chiropractic profession shows little interest in scientific research and regards their principles and practices as valid. Although strongly opposed by mainstream medicine, in the 1930s chiropractic was the largest alternative healing profession in the longstanding American policy (AMA) against chiropractic contributing to a lack of acceptance in mainstream public health. AMA created the Committee on Quackery "to restrain and eliminate chiropractic." Using the Committee at Quackery, efforts are made to prevent chiropractic participation in organized health care. In 1966 the policy endorsed by the AMA House of Delegates stated: "This is the position of the chiropractic medical profession is an unscientific cult that practitioners do not have the necessary training and background to diagnose and treat human diseases Chiropractic is a danger to rational health care in the United States for their non-standardized and unscientific education of practitioners and their rigid adherence to an irrational and unscientific approach to disease-causing causes. "The old feud between chiropractors and doctors has continued for decades. The AMA labeled chiropractic as an "unscientific cult" in 1966, and until 1980 it was unethical for physicians to associate with "unscientific practitioners". This culminated in an important decision of 1987, Wilk v. AMA , in which the court found that the AMA has engaged in unreasonable trade and conspiracy controls, and which ended the de facto AMA boycott of chiropractic. Competition is not solely with conventional medicine; many osteopaths claim that chiropractic is a stained form of osteopathy.
Serious research to test chiropractic theory did not begin until the 1970s, and continues to be hampered by scientific and pseudoscientific ideas that retain the profession in long combat with organized drugs. In the mid-1990s there was an increasing scientific interest in chiropractic, which aided efforts to improve the quality of care and established clinical guidelines recommending manual therapy for acute lower back pain. Some people believe chiropractic has little more than a placebo effect, while some randomized spinal manipulation trials have verified its effectiveness for the treatment of (lower) back pain special. There are some barriers between primary care physicians and chiropractors because they have a positive reference relationship that includes a lack of good communication. The medical establishment has not yet fully accepted chiropractic care as mainstream. After 100 years, the chiropractic profession fails to determine a message that is understandable, credible, and scientifically valid. The future of chiropractic is uncertain because of the economic struggle and limitation of science and methods in chiropractic.
Chiropractic has seen much controversy in the profession over his philosophy. In connection with the controversial and disintegrating division of the 2015 organization in the Australian chiropractic community, an article illustrates the longstanding and current profession problem:
- "Chiropractic professions are notorious for their dispute, with arguments over the value of vaccinations, evidence or lack of support for the subluxation theory and whether spinal adjustments should be made in children."
The patricide allegations connected with the death of D.D. Palmer
The 2008 book Trick or Treatment states that in 1913 B.J. Palmer bumped into his father, D.D. Palmer, on a homecoming march during the Palmer School of Chiropractic. Several weeks later D.D. Palmer died. The official cause of death was recorded as typhoid. The "Trick or Treatment" book indicates "it seems more likely that his death is a direct result of an injury caused by his son There is speculation that this is not an accident, but a patricide case." A 1999 documentary study showed D.D. The Palmer widow may also play a role in the patricide controversy. DD. Doctors who attended Palmer were persuaded to change their opinion about the main cause of death. Chiropractic Historian Joseph C. Keating Jr. has described the patricide effort of D.D. Palmer as "myth" and "unreasonable" and quotes an eyewitness who recalled that D.D. not struck by a B.J car, but instead stumbled. He also said that "Joy Loban, DC, the DD property assassin, voluntarily withdrew a civil suit demanding compensation for B.J Palmer, and that some grand juries repeatedly refused to file criminal charges against his son." A 1969 article stated that in July 1913 at the Palmer School of Chiropractic BJ Palmer "insisted on leading an alumni procession, but it was forbidden to do so by the marshal parade, who was a student at school.An argument ensued.BJ Drove in his car. passing between father and son. What happens after that depends on who you believe Daniel David claims that BJ hit him with his car, and his friends DD and his allies then produced a written testimony of the witness to prove it.BJ firmly denied it, and produced more written information for this effect rather than a DD cohort that can be deployed. "
Maps Chiropractic controversy and criticism
Ethics and claims
A California discipline statistical study during 1997-2000 reported 4.5 disciplinary measures per 1000 chiropractors per year, compared with 2.27 for physicians, and the incidence rate for fraud was 9 times greater among chiropractors (1.99 per 1000 chiropractors per year) than in medical doctors (0.20). According to a 2006 Gallup 2006 poll of US adults, when asked how they would "assess the honesty and ethical standards of people in this different field", chiropractic compared unfavorable to mainstream drugs. When chiropractic was assessed, it was "rated dead last among the health professions". While 84% of respondents consider nurse ethics "very high" or "high," only 36% feel that way about chiropractors. Other health professions range from 38% for psychiatrists, up to 62% for dentists, 69% for other medical doctors, 71% for veterinarians, and 73% for pharmacists or pharmacists. Similar results were found in the Gallup Polling 2003. Chiropractors have put this result in perspective in the article, with one inscription that "we are the most trusted and least trusted health care discipline", and other chiropractors writing that uses unethical marketing methods "poison the well" for others in the profession, and that they "may be responsible for the negative opinions people have about chiropractic profession ethics." Many chiropractors have sought to address their minor status in the US medical community by attending practical development seminars to assist chiropractors to persuade their patients about the efficacy of their care, increase their income, and raise their spirits as unorthodox medical practitioners.
Historically, this profession has often been accused of shamanism, with professions often responding negatively to such allegations. In the early days, shamanic accusations were voiced in an editorial in 1913 at the American Medical Association Journal:
- "Chiropractic is a strange branch of osteopathy, a disease, say chiropractic, is due to pressure on the spinal cord: ergo can be cured by" adjusting "the spine.This is shamanism, and those who profess it teach making their appeal to cupidity from the ignorant. The practice makes no sense of profession but trade - and a potent trade for great danger. It is done almost exclusively by those who are uneducated, ignorant of anatomy, even ignoring the fundamental sciences that become where disease treatment depends. "(p 29)
The view that chiropractic is a trade, not a profession, is clearly stated by BJ Palmer, which asserts that chiropractic is founded on "business, not professional." We teach chiropractors we teach them ideas and then we show them how to sell them.
In more modern times (1991), when the ACA president called shamanic charges "myth", chiropractic historian Joseph C. Keating Jr. responded by calling his comment "unreasonable" and stated:
- "The so-called 'quackery myths about chiropractic' are not myths..... the kernels of shamanism (ie, unproven and untested healthcare drugs offered as" proven ") are everywhere- which in this profession dares to say that misinformation health (if not shamanism) can be found in almost every issue of any chiropractic trade publication (and some of our research journals) and many promotional materials of chiropractors are disseminated to patients AAA claims have not been proven recently this is an example of [examples provided] ... This frees me completely how Dr. Downing, ACA, MPI, and Dynamic Chiropractic can suggest that there is no shamanism in chiropractic.Either these groups and individuals do not read literature chiropractic or have no nonsense detector.I encourage a review of advertising and promotional policies in chiropractic. "
In an article on shamanism, WT Jarvis has stated that "Non-scientific health care (eg, acupuncture, ayurvedic medicine, chiropractic, homeopathy, naturopathy) is licensed by individual countries." Practitioners use unscientific and fraudulent practices in public, complex health care knowledge, must rely on provider confidence.Quackery not only harms people, it undermines the scientific enterprise and must be actively opposed by every scientist. "
In a 2008 commentary, chiropractic authors propose that "the chiropractic profession has an obligation to actively dissociate itself from metaphysical explanations of health and disease and to actively organize itself in refusing to tolerate fraud, abuse and quackery, which is more prevalent in our profession than any other health profession, "a situation that violates the social contract between patient and physician. Such self-regulation "will dramatically increase the level of trust and respect for the profession of the wider community." Other chiropractic studies have documented that the largest chiropractic associations in the US and Canada distributed patient pamphlets containing unclaimed claims. Chiropractors, especially in America, have a reputation for caring for unnecessary patients. Ongoing chiropractic care is promoted as a prevention tool but unnecessary manipulation may pose a risk to the patient. Some chiropractors are concerned with the routines of the chiropractors who have been justified. In English-speaking countries the majority of chiropractors and their associates appear to make claims of efficacy unsupported by scientific evidence. Claims are not supported by strong evidence made about asthma, ear infections, earache, otitis media, and neck pain.
A review of chiropractic spine manipulation in 2009 for baby colic states "Some chiropractors claim that spinal manipulation is an effective treatment for baby colic but" evidence fails to show the effectiveness of this treatment. It was concluded that the above claims were not based on convincing data from rigorous clinical trials. "
Some New Zealand chiropractors seem to have used the title 'Doctors' in the Yellow Pages telephone directory in New Zealand in a way that implies that they are registered medical practitioners, when there is no evidence that it is true. In New Zealand, chiropractors are allowed to use a 'doctor' degree when qualifying to indicate that the title refers to their chiropractic role. A representative of the NZ Chiropractic Board stated that the entry in the Yellow Pages under the title 'Chiropractors' fulfills this obligation when it meets the appropriate qualifications. If a chiropractor is not a registered medical practitioner, then the abuse of a 'Doctor' degree while working in health care will not comply with the Competency Health Guarantee Competency Act 2003.
The British chiropractic organization and its members make many claims unsupported by scientific evidence. Many chiropractors embrace ideas that are contrary to science and most seem to violate important ethical principles of behavior on a regular basis. The advice of chiropractors given to their patients is often misleading and dangerous. This situation, coupled with a counterattack against the defamation lawsuit filed against Simon Singh, has inspired the filing of official false advertising complaints against more than 500 individual chiropractors in a 24-hour period, prompting the McTimoney Chiropractic Association to write letters to its members suggesting them to remove leaflets that make claims about whiplash and colic from their practice, to be wary of new patients and questions by phone, and notify its members: "If you have a website, stop now NOW." and "Finally, we strongly recommend that you NOT discuss this with others, especially patients."
On April 19, 2008, Simon Singh wrote a memorial article on chiropractic therapy at The Guardian, which resulted in him being sued for defamation by the British Chiropractic Association. Singh wrote in The Guardian criticizing the claims made by chiropractors about the efficacy of spinal manipulation in treating children's illnesses, and others. He suggests there is "not a bit" of evidence to support such interventions for the disease, and argues that the British Chiropractic Association "gladly promotes fake care". Singh stated that he would "oppose the action vigorously... There is an important issue of free speech at stake." The article develops Singh's recently published book The Trick or Treatment? Alternative Medicine to Experiments , makes various claims about the usefulness of chiropractic. Commentators suggest this ruling could set a precedent for limiting freedom of speech to criticize alternative medicine. Charity Sense About Science launched a campaign to draw attention to this particular case. They issued a statement entitled "The law has no place in the scientific dispute", signed by many signatories representing science, journalism, publishing, art, humanities, entertainment, skeptics, campaign groups and law. On April 16, 2010, more than 50,000 have been signed. On April 1, 2010, Simon Singh won his court appeal for the right to rely on fair defense of comments. On April 15, 2010, BCA officially withdrew its lawsuit, ending the case.
Benefits
Not all criticism comes from critics in the medical profession. Some chiropractors cautiously call for reform. The evidence-based guidance is supported by one end of the ideological continuum between chiropractors; the other end uses antiscientific reasoning and unproved claims, which are ethically suspect when they allow practitioners to defend their beliefs against patient losses. Samuel Homola has written that, "A good chiropractor can do a lot of things to help you when you have back pain of mechanical type and other musculoskeletal problems, but until the chiropractic profession clears its action, and colleagues uniformly pass precisely the limited chiropractors that specialize in neuromuskuloskeletal problems, you should be careful and give an assessment when looking for chiropractic care. "
Vertebral subluxation, the core concept of chiropractic, is not based on strong science. A 2008 review found that with the possible exception of back pain, chiropractic manipulation has not been proven effective for any medical condition. Commenting on the famous 'systematic' review by Bronfort et al., Edzard Ernst states that it is a well-known example of a pseudo-systematic review that omits evidence, for example, a negative primary study. The concept of subluxation remains groundless and largely untested, and has been debated as to whether it will remain within the chiropractic paradigm for decades. The subluxation dogma is the single largest barrier to professional development for chiropractors. Vertebral subluxation reverses the practice of legitimacy in ways that bring ridicule from the scientific community and uncertainty among the general public. The commitment to the subluxation dogma undermines the desire for subluxial scientific investigation as a hypothesis, and further perpetuates the cycle of the marketing tradition, undeniably bringing shamanic charges. Cost, effectiveness, and security, spinal manipulation is uncertain. Edzard Ernst stated "the best available evidence to date fails to demonstrate clinically relevant benefits of chiropractic for pediatric patients, and some evidence even suggests that chiropractors can cause serious harm to children." The 2007 survey of Alberta chiropractic experts found that they did not consistently apply research in practice, which may be due to a lack of research and skills education although the chiropractic profession has professional training focused on research driven by professional association incentives that provide time and support for research. According to David Colquhoun, chiropractic is no more effective than the best conventional treatment, and has the disadvantage of being "surrounded by gobbledygook about 'subluxation'", and, more seriously, it kills the patient occasionally. Manipulation of the cervical spine has a risk of stroke or death. Although rare, spinal manipulation, especially the upper spine, can also lead to complications that can cause permanent disability or death; this can occur in adults and children. Most of these side effects are harmless, however, there are life-threatening complications. A systematic review of 2010 found that many deaths since 1934 have been noted after chiropractic neck manipulation that is typically associated with vertebral artery dissection. Some chiropractic supporters seem to think that the critical evaluation of the study is the same as the 'scare story' or 'puff out (proof) of all proportions'. A sensible approach to the serious risks of chiropractic therapy, however, requires open examination.
The 2008 book Trick or Treatment states that "chiropractors may perform X-rays in the same patient several times a year, although there is no clear evidence that X-rays will help therapists treat patients. reveals both the subluxation and the innate intelligence associated with chiropractic philosophy, as they do not exist. There is no reason to be imaginable at all why spinal X-raying should help chiropractors directly treat ear infections, asthma or period pain.All worrying, chiropractors generally require full X-ray spine, which gives a significantly higher radiation dose than most other X-ray procedures ". The practice guide aims to reduce unnecessary radiation exposure, which increases the risk of cancer in proportion to the amount of radiation received. Research shows that the radiological instructions given at chiropractic schools around the world seem to be evidence-based. Although, there seems to be a difference between some schools and available evidence regarding radiographic aspects for patients with acute lower back pain without any serious disease indication, which may contribute to chiropractic overuse of radiographs for lower back pain.
Quackwatch is very critical of chiropractic; its founder, Stephen Barrett, has written that it is "unreasonable" to think that chiropractors are eligible to become primary care providers and consider the applied kinesiology to be "the most commonly used term for identifying pseudoscientific systems of muscle testing and therapy".
The 2009 perspective states there is consistent evidence that manual therapies such as chiropractic manipulation are "helpful and generally result in moderate but significant and sustained improvements to back pain in the population" and wrote that suggestions that chiropractic is no more harm than good as "face-to-face". The author goes on to write that the more serious suggestion is that chiropractic treatment can kill people, and it is often claimed that chiropractic manipulation leads to stroke.
Lon Morgan, DC, a chiropractor of reform, expressed his view of Innate Intelligence in this way: "Innate Intelligence clearly has its origins in mystical and occult practices borrowed in the old days.Still unpredictable and unverifiable and has a penalty/very high perks. "For the chiropractic profession. The concept of chiropractic of Innate Intelligence is an anachronistic relic from a time when there was not enough scientific understanding to explain the physiological processes of humans. This is clearly religious and should be considered harmful to normal scientific activity. "
The Chiropractic historian, Joseph C. Keating Jr., articulated that "As long as we put forward" One cause, one cure "of rhetoric from Innate, we should expect to be greeted by the taunts of the wider community of healthcare.Chiropractors can not have it either way. our theories can not dogmatically have very important and scientific constructs at the same time.The Palmer's aims, consciousness and rigidity 'must be rejected.'
William T. Jarvis, Ph.D. has declared: "Chiropractic is a controversial health care system that has been endorsed across the United States and in several other countries.In the United States in 1984, some 10.7 million people made 163 million office visits to 30,000 chiropractors More than three quarters of states require insurance companies to include chiropractic services in health and accident policies. The federal government pays for limited chiropractic services under Medicare, Medicaid, and vocational rehabilitation programs, and the Internal Revenue Service enables medical deduction for chiropractic services. "recognition." However, this is just business statistics and legal arrangements that have nothing to do with the scientific validity of chiropractic. "
Vaccination and water fluoridation
Many forms of alternative medicine are based on philosophies that oppose vaccinations and have practitioners who voiced their opposition. This includes some elements of the chiropractic community. The reason for this negative vaccination view is complicated and rested, at least in part, on the early philosophy that formed the foundations of this profession. Chiropractors have historically strongly opposed vaccinations based on their belief that all diseases can be traced to a cause in the spine, and therefore can not be affected by the vaccine; DD. Palmer writes, "It is highly unreasonable to attempt to 'protect' a person from smallpox or other disease by injecting them with poisonous animals." Some chiropractors continue to oppose vaccination, one of the most effective public health measures in history.
Some chiropractic groups still oppose attempts to limit or eliminate nonmedical exceptions to vaccinations. In March 2015, the Oregon Chiropractic Association invited Andrew Wakefield, lead author of a fake research paper, to testify against Senate Bill 442, "a draft that will eliminate nonmedical exceptions from Oregon school immunization law." The California Chiropractic Association lobbied against the 2015 bill ending a confidence exemption for the vaccine. They also opposed the 2012 bill regarding the exclusion of vaccinations. On April 24, 2015, Wakefield received two applauses from students at Life Chiropractic College West when he told them to oppose Senate Bill SB277, a bill proposing limits on the exclusion of non-medical vaccines. Responding to his criticism, he stated that "it does not matter if I go to a discredited grave.I do not care what they say about me.In fact, I will not lose anything now.This is such an important matter." Wakefield had previously been the keynote speaker at California 2015's 2014 chapter "California Jam" meeting, as well as the 2015 "California Jam" seminar, with continuing education credits, sponsored by Life Chiropractic College West.
In response to activities threatened by anti-vaccination activists, the California Medical Association (CMA) sent a warning letter to California Chiropractic Association President Brian Stenzler, whom they could document had encouraged lobbyist stalkers who supported Senate Bill SB277. The CMA also filed a police report.
Initial resistance to water fluoridation includes chiropractors in the United States. Some chiropractors oppose fluoridation of water as incompatible with chiropractic philosophy and violation of personal freedom. Recently, other chiropractors have been actively promoting fluoridation, and some chiropractic organizations have endorsed the scientific principles of public health.
Ownership of spinal manipulation
Although none of the professions "have" spinal manipulation (SM), and there is little consensus as to which profession should regulate BC, chiropractors have expressed concern that orthodox medical doctors and physical therapists can "steal" SM procedures from chiropractors. Chiropractors regularly introduce bills to the state legislature to further prohibit non-chiropractors from conducting SM, and they are opposed by the organization of physical therapists. Two US states (Washington and Arkansas) prohibit physical therapists from doing SM, while some countries allow them to do so only if they have completed advanced training in BC. Under the strictest circumstances, SM is limited to chiropractors and medical doctors.
The emphasis on evidence-based research into SM has also raised concerns that stricter stricter practice guidelines may limit the scope of chiropractic practice for treating back and neck.
See also
- Ineffective list of cancer treatments
References
External links
Internal critic
- Logical and Non-Skeptical Errors in Cytopraktics - Joseph C. Keating Jr.
- Open Letter to Profession - George P. McAndrews (commented on Chiroweb)
- Chiropractic, Bonesetting, and CultismÃ, "Samuel Homola, (book review in Chiroweb)
- Critical thinking - Christopher Kent, DC president of the Council on Chiropractic Practice
External criticism
- Chiropractic - Skeptical Dictionary
- ChiropracticÃ, - H. L. Mencken, Baltimore Evening Sun
- Spin Doctors: The Chiropractic Industry Under Examination - Paul Benedetti, Wayne MacPhail
- Keeping Your Spine Align, Customizing Connections, and Videos - Alan Alda, PBS, American Scientific Front
- Chirobase: A skeptical guide to current chiropractic history, theory and practice - Stephen Barrett, MD, and Samuel Homola, DC
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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