The immune cycle is the natural homeostatic oscillation of the immune system when chronic inflammation occurs. Similar to the menstrual cycle, the exact wavelength and waveform of each individual individual patient is different. That is, different people have different immune cycles even though each cycle is usually repeated every seven days.
The level of C-reactive protein in the blood needs to be measured every few days to have enough time to show repeated fluctuations (wave-like cycles). This is due to the synchronous distribution of T cells over time, with T-effector cells that increase immune activity followed by T-regulatory cells suppressing the immune response.
Although the exact reason for the immune cycle is unclear, it appears to be the result of repetitive and alternating stimulation and inhibition of the immune response, which has been shown to be in cancer patients. Many cycles occur in the body - such as temperature regulation and hormone levels - and the exact cause for this cycle is also unknown, but it is thought to involve the hypothalamus.
The process used to identify these cycles is called 'immune cycle mapping', whereas the process that uses this cycle in treatment is called 'immune sync'. It is important to note that immune cycles and immune synchronization still "need more testing" before treatment methods can become viable because "research is still in its infancy".
Video Immune cycle
Histori
Immune cycle ideas have been around for over a hundred years. In 1891, Dr. William Coley noticed that some of his patients responded better to treatment than other patients, even with a complete response. Nearly a century later, in 1975, physicist George Irving Bell developed a mathematical equation to predict hypothetical immune cycles. Dr. Robert North, writing in the 1980s, showed that chemotherapy promotes tumor growth in mice, whose immune system is very similar to humans. Unfortunately, these immune cycle pioneers can not establish its existence, especially since the required technology does not yet exist.
In the late 1990s, Associate Professor Brendon Coventry noticed that some of his patients responded better to the Melanoma vaccine than other patients despite receiving the same treatment. When a local cancerous tumor in which it is injected with a vaccine, the cancer that has not been injected begins to shrink as well, thus indicating an immunogenic relationship. This observation led him to speculate that the immune system operates on a cycle basis, with peaks and troughs. Operating on this theory, Coventry is able to increase complete response rates for advanced melanoma treatment from 7% to 17% and without any significant negative side effects on chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
In 2004, Associate Professor Manfred W. Beilharz et al. from the University of Western Australia began reporting the same pattern in the treatment of HIV/AIDS-infected mice. In 2005, Mr. Martin Ashdown, a small contributor to this 2004 paper, claimed to have discovered this cycle in 2002, although this is inconsistent with historical records.
Publication 2009 CRP identifies homeostatic oscillation of immunity in cancer patients: a potential treatment targeting tool? in the Journal of Translational Medicine, of which Coventry is the lead author, signaled for the first time that the immune cycle appeared in several forms. Speaking on ABC radio in 2010, Coventry explained the reasoning behind how the cycle was invented by many practitioners and researchers:
"We really did not know that it was until we started taking blood measurements every day.With these daily measurements, it was revealed that the inflammation markers in the blood rose and went down.Initially we thought this was an aberration, we did not I think it was not at all significant , but when we started to learn it we noticed that the cycle started to appear and that blood levels would go down and then up and then down again and up.. We then started trying and finding out why this could happen... We all found the same thing, and this then forces us to investigate closer and farther, because we think there may be enormous cost savings in this If we can provide the right chemotherapy at the right time, then we may be able to change the cost of cancer care and especially change the efficiency at which we deliver it. " Coventry, Radio ABC, April 14, 2010
Maps Immune cycle
Current scientific status
In 2010, Professor Michael Quinn of Royal Melbourne Hospital announced that trials would be conducted on women suffering from ovarian cancer. Dr. Roxana S. Dronca et al. from the Mayo Clinic found that the immune cycle is also evident in fluctuations outside the C-reactive protein, since it can be seen in "infrared immune biorhythms from immune cell sub-populations and cytokines." Speaking to the Daily Express newspaper in the UK, Quinn said
"Everyone, including non-cancer patients, has a fluctuating immune cycle every 12 to 14 days.That's why if someone in the family comes with a cough or runny nose, only a few family members will develop it.The immune system also attacks cancer cells, that's why why we need to give chemotherapy on the right day... The concept is sensational.If you can treat people at the right time, dramatically can increase their chances for successful results.This research is still in the early stages, but if we are proven true, this treatment can be applied to all cancers and actually all illnesses. " Quinn, March 7, 2010 .
However, by 2014, Dr. Mutsa Madondo et al. (in a team that includes Professor Quinn) can not replicate the 2009 results of Coventry et al. paper. They found that "[t] the statistical analysis he used did not show evidence of periodic oscillations". In 2015, Coventry - in a team that includes Professor Maciej Henneberg - argues that cancer has grown tremendously over time and can counter the treatment of mainstream cancer by manipulating the immune cycle:
"Obviously, cancer cells appear as adaptive and highly evolved entities that can activate certain genes to withstand the attacks of radiation and chemotherapy, despite having genetic/chromosomal errors, so in this sense it is a very sophisticated survival machine." Coventry et. al., 2015
By the end of 2016, one of the patent holders, Biotempus Limited - the Chief Scientific Officer, Mr. Martin Ashdown, involved in a 2009 paper - goes into administration and liquidation. Another patent holder, Mayo Clinic in the US, is currently conducting clinical trials into immune synchronization.
Immune synchronized cancer treatment
The use of immune cycles in treatment through immune synchronization remains at an early stage of the study, as shown above. According to a 2012 article in Cancer Management and Research, timely treatment and use of Interleukin 2 agents can force the immune system to become overzealous, expand and maximize periods of T-effector cell activity. According to Coventry, "[t] his immune system is working in a wave that seems to be constantly active and off, and now all we're trying to do is see if we can identify the period or phase in that cycle where we can target [Melanoma vaccine treatment] more effective... "
However, research may also apply to Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy more generally because it can be applied to cancer treatment that is, or may be, immunogenic. What this suggests is that patient treatment outcome may be largely determined by when treatment is given in relation to their immune cycle, making treatment more of a chance game than a game with fixed rules. Most importantly, the ability to provide the most effective treatment in the patient's immune cycle means that a significantly smaller dose of chemotherapy can be used, which in turn means far fewer negative side effects on treatment or, possibly, no side effects significant.
"Everything in nature is in a delicate balance: the immune system of mammals has regulated immune and tolerance forces, which can enable a strong and selective response to microorganisms and cancers while avoiding a destructive response to normal healthy tissue." Brendon Coventry et al., May 2010
Public Awareness
The Australian Melanoma Research Foundation has undertaken many initiatives to promote this research and the potential benefits it can get in cancer patients, as well as advertising clinical trials. Australian Senator Nick Xenophon has helped raise public awareness about this research, a fact which has been noted in many journal articles thanks.
Many submissions and presentations on these findings were made for the Australian Parliamentary committee. In the 2014 submission to the Healthcare Leading Committee on Skin Cancer in Australia, the Australian Melanoma Research Foundation stated that without the application of new knowledge to the treatment of cancer immune cycles is a "random mathematical process". It was also revealed that treatment in mice with new knowledge resulted in "complete eradication of established tumors in 60% of mice". Their 2015 Submissions to the Senate Standing Committee on Public Affairs, Investigations on the Availability of New Cancer, Innovative and Special Drugs in Australia state that the 5-year survival rate of patients with advanced cancer is consistent with the statistical probability that patients will treat given right in the right place in their immune cycle.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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