Hampton University ( HU ) is a historically black black private university in Hampton, Virginia. Founded in 1868 by black and white leaders of the American Missionary Association after the American Civil War to provide education to the liberated. In 1878, he founded a program to teach Native Americans that lasted until 1923.
Video Hampton University
Histori
The south-facing campus opposite the Hampton Roads harbor is set on "Little Scotland" land, a former estate in Elizabeth City County not far from Fortress Monroe and nearby Grand Contraband Camp. This facility represents freedom for ex-slaves, who sought refuge with Union forces during the first year of the war.
The American Missionary Association (AMA) responded in 1861 to the needs of former slaves for education by employing its first teacher, Mary Smith Peake, who had secretly taught slaves and free blacks in the area despite the state's legal ban. He first taught for the AMA on September 17, 1861 and was said to gather his disciples under a large oak tree. After the tree was the first reading site in the former Confederate states of Emancipation in 1863, it was called Ek Emancipation. The tree, now a symbol of the university and the city, is part of the National Historic Landmark District at Hampton University.
The Hampton and Agricultural Industrial Schoo, then called the Hampton Institute, was founded in 1868 after the war by the biracial leadership of the AMA, which is mainly the Congregational and Presbyterian ministers. It was first led by former Union General Samuel Chapman Armstrong. Among the famous alumni of the school are Dr. Booker T. Washington, an educator who founded Tuskegee Institute, another college supported by the AMA. Civil War
During the American Civil War (1861-1865), the Monroe Fortress held by the Union in southeastern Virginia at the mouth of the Hampton Roads became a gathering place and a safe haven for the fugitive slaves. The commander, General Benjamin F. Butler, decides that they are "contraband war", to protect them from being returned to the slave owners, who are screaming to reclaim them. As many people sought freedom behind the Union line, the Army arranged for the construction of nearby Contraband Camp, from material recovered from the wreckage of Hampton, which had been burned by the retreating Confederate Army. This area is then called "Slabtown."
Hampton University traces its roots to the work of Mary S. Peake, which began in 1861 with an outside class that he taught under the famous Emancipation Oak in the area near Elizabeth City County. The new Emancipation Proclamation was first published for a meeting under the historic tree there in 1863.
After the War: teaching teacher
After the War, the normal school (teacher training school) was inaugurated in 1868, with former Union brewet Brigadier General Samuel Chapman Armstrong (1839-1893) as the first principal. The new school is set up on a former estate called Little Scotland, which has views of Hampton Roads. The original school building in front of the Hampton River. Founded in 1870 as a land grant school, it was first known as the Normal Hampton and the Agricultural Institute.
Typical of the black history college, Hampton received much of its financial support in the years after the Civil War of the American Missionary Association (whose black and white leaders represent Congregation and Presbyterian churches), other church groups and former Army Union officers and soldiers. One of the many Civil War veterans who gave large sums of money to the school was General William Jackson Palmer, a Union cavalry commander from Philadelphia. He then built the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad, and founded Colorado Springs, Colorado. When the Civil War began in 1861, though his Quaker's upbringing made Palmer resent the violence, his desire to see the slaves free him to enter the war. He was awarded the Medal of Honor for bravery in 1894. (Palmer Hall is currently on campus named in his honor.)
In contrast to the rich Palmer, Sam Armstrong was the son of a missionary in the Sandwich Islands (who later became the state of Hawaii). He also dreamed of the progress of the liberated man. He scorched his new school after his father's model, which had overseen the teaching of reading, writing, and counting to the Polynesians. He wanted to teach the skills needed for blacks to be independent in the poor South. Under his guidance, Hampton-style education became well-known as an education that combines cultural enhancement with moral and manual training. Armstrong says it is education that includes "head, heart, and hands."
At the close of the first decade, the school reported a total acceptance in ten years out of 927 students, with 277 graduates, all but 17 of whom had become teachers. Many of them have bought land and built their own homes; many are farming as well as teaching; some are getting into the business. Only a few fail to do well. With the next 10 years, there are more than 600 graduates. In 1888, out of 537 surviving, three quarters taught, and about half the number of scholars also taught. It is estimated that 15,000 children in community schools are being taught by students and Hampton alumni that year.
Booker T. Washington: spreading educational work
Among the earliest disciples of Hampton was Booker T. Washington, who arrived from West Virginia in 1872 at the age of 16. He worked through Hampton, and then went on to attend the Wayland Seminary in Washington DC After graduating, he returned to Hampton and became a teacher. On the recommendation of Sam Armstrong to the founders of Lewis Adams and others, in 1881, Washington was sent to Alabama at the age of 25 for other new normal principals. This new institution eventually became the Tuskegee University. Embracing many of Armstrong's philosophies, Washington built Tuskegee into a substantial school and became nationally renowned as an educator, orator, and fundraiser as well. He collaborated with philanthropist Julius Rosenwald in the early twentieth century to create a model for rural black schools - Rosenwald formed a fund that matched the money collected by society to build over 5,000 schools for rural black children, mostly in the South. Washington recruited his classmates at Hampton (1875), Charles W. Greene to work at Tuskegee in 1888 by establishing the Department of Agriculture.
Native Americans
In 1878, Hampton established a formal education program for Native Americans. In 1875 at the end of the American Indian War, the US Army sent seventy-two soldiers from Cheyenne, Kiowa, Comanche and Caddo Nations to prison and exile in St. Louis. St. Augustine, Florida. Basically they are considered hostages to persuade their people in the West to keep the peace. Richard Henry Pratt guided them in Fort Marion and began to organize their education in English and American culture. Many visitors to St. Augustine from the North became interested in their case and volunteered as a teacher. They also gave them art supplies, and some of the resulting works (including by David Pendleton Oakerhater) were held by the Smithsonian Institution. At the end of the soldier's detention, Pratt convinced seventeen to enroll at Hampton Institute for a more complete education. (Later Pratt founded Carlisle Indian Industrial School based on the same philosophy of education and assimilation). In all, seventy Native Americans, young men and women of various tribes, mostly from the Lowlands and not the terracotta tribes who once occupied Virginia, joined the first class. Since Virginia aristocrats sometimes boast of their Native American inheritance through Pocahontas, it is expected that Native American students will help the locals to accept university black students. Black students are also expected to "cultivate" Native American students to the American society today, and Native Americans to "elevate Negro [es]."
This program died in 1923, in the face of growing controversy related to racial racial. Native Americans stopped sending their children to school after several employers fired Native Americans because they were educated with blacks. The program's last director resigned because he could not prevent "amalgamation" between native American girls and black children.
Rename, expansion, and community
Hampton Normal and the Agricultural Institute became the only Hampton Institute in 1930. In 1931 George P. Phenix School for all age groups opened there under the leadership of Ian Ross. The new nursing training school is attached to Dixie Hospital, with Nina Gage as director. With the addition of the department and graduate program, it became the University of Hampton in 1984. Originally located in Elizabeth City County, it was long located in Phoebus City, founded in 1900. Phoebus and Elizabeth City County consolidated with the neighboring Town of Hampton forming an independent city much larger in 1952. Hampton Town used Ek Emancipation on its official seal. From 1960 to 1970, renowned diplomat and educator Jerome H. Holland was president of the Hampton Institute.
2018 protests and student demands
In early 2018, Hampton University students launched a protest calling for university administration to address several issues, including food quality, living conditions, and sexual violence. Students use the #HUTownHall Twitter tagar to draw attention to issues they believe are long-lasting and urgent. Students post videos and photos from poorly maintained dorm rooms, insects in food from university cafes, and university administrators confused by student questions and concerns about sexual assault. The University released a statement indicating that it is "moving forward" to address student problems and problems.
Maps Hampton University
Campus
The campus contains several buildings that contribute to the National Historic Landmark district: Virginia-Cleveland Hall (new female dormitory, as well as former homes to two school cafeterias), the Wigwam building (home to the administrative office), the Academy Building (administrative office), the Chapel Memorial religious services) and Presidential House.
The original High School on campus became Phenix Hall when Hampton City Public Schools opened a new Phenix High School in 1962. Phenix Hall was damaged in a small fire on June 12, 2008.
The Hampton University Museum was founded in 1868 and is the oldest African-American museum in the country. The museum contains over 9,000 pieces, some of which are highly acclaimed.
Hampton University is home to 16 research centers. Hampton University's Institute of Proton Therapy is the largest free-standing facility of its kind in the world.
The four libraries on campus are William R. and Norma B. Harvey Library (main library), Library of Architecture William H. Moses Jr., Music Library, and Nursing Library.
Emancipation Oak is cited by the National Geographic Society as one of the top 10 trees in the world.
The waterfront campus is built near the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay.
National Historic Landmark District
The 15-acre section (61,000 m²) from campus along the Hampton River, including many of the older buildings, is the National Historic Landmark District. Buildings include:
- Mansion House , the original residence of Little Scotland estate
- Virginia Hall was built in 1873
- Academic Hall
- Wigwam
- Marquand Memorial Chapel , Revival Romanesque red brick chapel with tower as high as 150 feet (46 m)
In addition, Cleveland Hall, Ogden, and the Administration building are also included in the district.
The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969, and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974.
Student demographics
As reported by the university in 2015, nearly two-thirds of the student body is female, and the other third male. About 90% of the population identify as Black, and only 32% of the population of Virginia.
Academics
Hampton University has 10 accredited schools and colleges.
The Freddye T. Davy Honors College is a non-degree college that offers special learning opportunities and privileges to the most outstanding undergraduate students. To join an honors college, students must formally accept an invitation granted by a college or directly apply for admission to a college.
By 2018, Hampton offers 50 baccalaureate programs, 26 master programs, 7 doctoral programs, 2 professional courses, and 10 associate/certificate programs.
Hampton University is consistently among the top three HBCUs in the country. Hampton has the second highest passing rate among HBCU.
The ratio of Hampton students to faculty is 10 to 1, which is better than the national average of 18 to 1 universities.
Hampton is the first and only HBCU to have 100% control over the NASA Mission.
The Alumni Factor named Hampton one of the best seven colleges in Virginia.
The University of Hampton is classified as a selective admissions institution.
Student activity
Campus Events
Athletics
The colors of Hampton are blue and white, and their nickname is "The Pirates". The Hampton sports team participated in the NCAA Division I (FCS for football) in the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference. They joined this in 1995 after leaving the Association of Athletes Antarikus Center, a NCAA Second Division conference, where they were founding members. Since joining, Hampton has won the MEAC title in many sports, including soccer, men's and women's basketball, men's and women's tracks, and men's and women's tennis.
On November 16, 2017, Hampton announced that it will move to the Big South Conference in all sports from 2018. Hampton will become the second HBCU (after Tennessee State University, at the Ohio Valley Conference) not to become a member of the Mid-Summer Athletic Conference or Southwest Athletics Conference.
In 2016, Hampton became the first HBCU and the only one to become the men's lacrosse Division I team. ESPN held a broadcast on campus before the inaugural match at Armstrong Stadium.
Hampton is the only HBCU with a competitive sailing team.
In 2001, the Hampton basketball team won their first NCAA Tournament match, when they defeated Iowa State 58-57, in one of the biggest annoyances of all time. They are only fifteen seeds who upset the two seeds in the history of the tournament. They returned to the tournament a year later, as well as in 2006, 2011, 2015 and 2016, after winning their conference basketball tournament. Their NCAA tournament record is 2-6, including a play-in game.
The basketball team "Lady Pirates" has seen great success as well, and traveled to the NCAA tournaments in 2000, 2003, 2004, 2010-2014, and 2017. In 1988, as a Division II school, Lady Pirates won the NCAA Basketball Championship Division II Princess, defeating West Texas State. In 2011, as number 13, Lady Pirates almost disappointed Kentucky, but fell in overtime hours, 66-62. In 2015, Lady Pirates plays at NIT Woman, where they beat Drexel 45-42 in the opening round. However, in the second half, the team lost to West Virginia 57-39.
The Pirates won their conference title in football in 1997, shared titles in 1998 and 2004, and won it back directly in 2005 and 2006. From 2004 to 2006, the team won three MEAC Championships and three SBN-Black College National Championships, in the FCS Division I 25 top polls each year. The Pirates also sent five players to NFL Combine in 2007, mostly from the FCS division school for that year. They have also been dominant in tennis winning the MEAC from 1996-1999, 2001-2003 and 2007 for men, and 1998 and 2002-2004 for women.
Major competitors include Norfolk State University, located in Hampton Roads in downtown Norfolk, and Howard University in Washington, D.C.
Athletic bodybuilding is supported by a large number of groups, including the Marching Band "The Force". The marching band has performed at several notable performances, including the inaugural parade of President Barack Obama in Washington, DC. "The Force" was chosen from a large group of applicants to participate in parades as representatives for the state of Virginia. "The Force" is complemented by the female dance team "Ebony Fire".
Famous Alumni
Business
Education
Entertainment and Art
Politics and Government
Science, Healthcare, Technology, Engineering, and Math
Sociology and Humanity
Sports
See also
- The African-American Civil Rights Movement (1865-95)
- Dois I. Rosser Jr.
- Emancipation Oak, the historic tree on campus
- WHOV 88.1 FM
References
Further reading
- Anderson, James D. Black Southern Education, 1860-1935 (1988) pages 33-78 online.
- Armstrong, Mary F. and Ludlow, Helen W., Hampton and His Disciples. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1874.
- Engs, Robert Francis (1999). Educating Uninsured and Uninsured Persons: Samuel Chapman Armstrong and Hampton Institute, 1839-1893. University of Tennessee Press.
- Molin, Paulette Fairbanks (Fall 1988). " ' Train Your Hand, Head, and Heart': Indian Education at Hampton Institute". The History of Minnesota . Minnesota Historical Society Press. 51 (3): 82-98. JSTORÃ, 20179107.
- Maddox, Lucy (June 2002). "Indian Politics, Performance, and Identity". American Studies International . Association of Central American Studies. 40 (2): 7-36. JSTORÃ,4127989.
- Schall, Keith L., ed. (1977). Stony the Road: Chapter at the History of Hampton Institute. University of Virginia Press.
External links
- Official website
- Official athletic website
- The student official newspaper - The Hampton Script
- Hampton Institute: Education for Life Program at the American Film Films Catalog
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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