Breast cancer chemotherapy

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Chemotherapy of breast cancer refers to the use of cytotoxic drugs (chemotherapy) in the treatment of breast cancer.

Video Breast cancer chemotherapy

Jenis

There are three main types of chemotherapy.

• Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
  • Neoadjuvant chemo is given before surgery to slow the growth of fast-growing cancers or to shrink the size of larger breast cancers.
  • Thus, neoadjuvant chemotherapy is often used to treat locally advanced cancer, a cancer that at the time of diagnosis is too large to be removed surgically, which can then be removed by less extensive surgery.
• Adjuvant chemotherapy
  • Adjuvant chemotherapy is given after surgery to reduce the risk of recurrence. So, it is used to try to kill any cancer cells that may still be present and can not be detected through imaging tests.
• Palliative chemotherapy
  • Palliative chemotherapy is used to control (but not cure) cancer in settings where the cancer has spread beyond the breast and local lymph nodes. See metastatic breast cancer.
• Combined therapy
  • Combine, for example, non-drug treatments with local chemotherapy to limit toxicity and achieve better results.

Maps Breast cancer chemotherapy

Regimen

Some chemotherapy agents can be used in combination to treat patients with breast cancer. Determining the right regimen to use depends on many factors; such as, tumor character, lymph node status, and age and patient health.

The following is a list of some of the adjuvant chemotherapy commonly used for breast cancer:

• CMF: cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil.
• FAC (or CAF): 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide.
• AC (or CA): Adriamycin (doxorubicin) and cyclophosphamide.
• AC-Taxol: AC followed by paclitaxel (Taxol).
• TAC: Taxotere (docetaxel), Adriamycin (doxorubicin), and cyclophosphamide.
• FEC: 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide.
• AT: Adriamycin (doxorubicin) and Taxotere (docetaxel).

Because chemotherapy affects white blood cell production, the granulocyte colonic stimulating factor (G-CSF) is sometimes given in conjunction with chemotherapy. This has been shown to reduce, although not completely prevent, infection rates and low white blood cell counts. Most adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy regimens do not routinely require support of growth factors except those associated with high incidence of bone marrow suppression and infection. This may include chemotherapy given in a solid dosage, ie 2-weekly, not 3-weekly chemotherapy or TAC (see above).

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Anthracylines

By conducting a meta-analysis of four large breast cancer trials including nearly 3,000 patients, researchers have found that abnormalities on chromosome 17, called CEP17, are associated with poor outcomes for patients, but also that their presence is a very significant indicator. that the tumor will respond to anthracyclines.

CEP17 is detected by a fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) test, performed routinely in breast cancer patients; is used to test the HER2 gene to see if the women might benefit from the Herceptin drug. Professor Bartlett said that the assessment for CEP17 could easily be done in the same FISH analysis as for HER2. [1]

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Administration

For breast cancer, chemotherapy drugs are given to the blood vessels (intravenously) or by mouth as tablets or capsules (orally).

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See also

• Chemotherapy regimen
• Breast Cancer
• Administrative route

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References

Source of the article : Wikipedia